{"id":3253,"date":"2025-03-06T17:27:08","date_gmt":"2025-03-06T16:27:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/?p=3253"},"modified":"2026-06-08T12:55:46","modified_gmt":"2026-06-08T10:55:46","slug":"%d9%85%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b7-%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%b7%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a2%d8%a8%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%85%d9%83%d8%a9-1491-1495","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/?p=3253","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649\u00a0\u00a0\u0645\u0643\u0629 (1491-1495)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0645\u0643\u0629 (1491-1495)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure 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https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86.png?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86.png?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86.png?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86.png?resize=1140%2C641&amp;ssl=1 1140w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86.png?resize=720%2C405&amp;ssl=1 720w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86.png?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:38px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column3253_76c36a-06 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column3253_76c36a-06 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column3253_76c36a-06 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column3253_76c36a-06 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column3253_76c36a-06 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;}.kadence-column3253_76c36a-06 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column3253_76c36a-06 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column3253_76c36a-06 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column3253_76c36a-06 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column3253_76c36a-06{text-align:right;}.kadence-column3253_76c36a-06{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column3253_76c36a-06 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column3253_76c36a-06 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column3253_76c36a-06\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0629: \u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646&#8221;<sup>[1]<\/sup>\u00a0\u0647\u0648\u00a0\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u062c\u0651\u0646\u0627\u0646<sup>[2]<\/sup>\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u064e\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0650\u0644\u0652 \u0643\u064f\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0622\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1491\u0645\/896\u0647\u0640 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1495\u0645\/900\u0647\u0640.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u00a0<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0635 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c\u00a0\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a 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\u062b\u0648\u0628\u0652\u064a\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0651\u064a\u062a\u0627\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0652\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u064a\u062b\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0650\u062b \u063a\u0627\u062f\u064e\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0622\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0634\u0652\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0652\u0633\u0648\u0627\u063a\u0627<sup>[4]<\/sup>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f (\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f) \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0650\u0644 \u0643\u064f\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1491 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0622\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 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\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0651\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0644&nbsp;(Truel)&nbsp;\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627(Calanda)&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"\/\/C8F95A94-53FA-4AB9-BDB2-BD687B3FF02A#_ftnref1\"><\/a>&nbsp;<sup>[1]<\/sup>&nbsp;\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a&nbsp;\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0629: \u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646 1491-1495&#8243;\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De \u00c1vila a la Meca: el relato del viaje de Omar Pat\u00f3n<a>&nbsp;<\/a><a>(1491-1495)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\/ \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 -\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0642\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0641 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>[2]<\/sup>\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062c\u0651\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0648 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635) \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634. (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"\/\/C8F95A94-53FA-4AB9-BDB2-BD687B3FF02A#_ftnref4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;Javier Casassas Canals, Olatz Villanueva Zubizarreta, Seraf\u00edn De Tapia S\u00e1nchez, Javier Jim\u00e9nez Gadea, Ana Echevarr\u00eda Arsuaga.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/\u062d\u0648\u0644-\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629-\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637-\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629-\u0639\u0645\u0631-\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646-.pdf\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/\u062d\u0648\u0644-\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629-\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637-\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629-\u0639\u0645\u0631-\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646-.pdf\">\u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0645\u0643\u0629 (1491-1495) \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645: \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0629: \u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646&#8221;[1]\u00a0\u0647\u0648\u00a0\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 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