{"id":3689,"date":"2025-07-05T19:57:23","date_gmt":"2025-07-05T17:57:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/?p=3689"},"modified":"2025-12-29T21:20:05","modified_gmt":"2025-12-29T20:20:05","slug":"%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/?p=3689","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 : \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0632 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629”  Translation Studies\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647  \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1972 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1988. \u0641\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0628\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f 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\u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627” [ii]<\/sup><\/a>\u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0644\u062f\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 (1998) \u0628\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 “\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 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\u0638\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0631\u0641\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 After Babel<\/em> ( \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644) ” \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629”[v]<\/sup><\/a>. \u0648 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 De optimo genere oratrum[vi]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1960 \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633 \u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633\u062b\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u064a\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0649) \u0628\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627  \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0649. \u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0634\u064a\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0650 Ars Poetica<\/em> (\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631) \u0648 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0635 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0649. \u0648 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0628\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628[vii]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[i]<\/sup><\/a> Snell-Hornby, M.(1988) Translation Studies: An Integrated Approach<\/em>, Amesterdam and Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins,(preface)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[ii]<\/sup><\/a> Snell-Hornby, M.(revised 1995) Translation Studies: An Integrated Approach<\/em>. Amesterdam and Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins,(preface)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[iii]<\/sup><\/a>Baker, M. (ed.)(1998) The Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies<\/em>, London and New York:Routledge<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[iv]<\/sup><\/a> Caminade, M. and A. Pym (1995) Les Formations en Traduction et Interpr<\/em>\u00e9<\/em>tation. Essai de recensement Mondial<\/em>, special issue of Traduire<\/em>, Paris: Societe francaise des Traducteurs<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[v]<\/sup><\/a> Steiner, G. (1998) After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation<\/em>, London, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press p.319<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[vi]<\/sup><\/a> Cicero, M. (46 BCE\/ 1960 CE) ‘De Optimo Genere Oratrum’ in Cicero De Inventio, De Optimo Genere Oratrum, Topica<\/em>, translated H.M. Hubbell, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: Heinemann,p.364<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[vii]<\/sup><\/a> Robinson, D. (ed.) (1997) Western Translation Theory from Herodotus to Nietzsche<\/em>, Manchester: St Jerome, p.25<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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