{"id":4008,"date":"2025-11-01T13:00:38","date_gmt":"2025-11-01T12:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/?p=4008"},"modified":"2025-12-29T20:42:23","modified_gmt":"2025-12-29T19:42:23","slug":"%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%ab%d8%a7-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ab%d9%82%d9%81%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/?p=4008","title":{"rendered":"\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 1915-1921 \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u00a0<sup>(1)\u00a0<\/sup>. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 . \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u00a0<sup>(2)\u00a0<\/sup>\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1919-1920 \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627&#8221; 467 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642&#8221; 492 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0627\u00a0<sup>(3)<\/sup>\u00a0\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 34 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0649 14 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u00a0\u00a01916 \u060c 14 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1917 \u060c 13 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1918 \u060c 7 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1919 \u060c 4 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1920 \u060c 6 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1921\u00a0<sup>[1]<\/sup>*)<sup>\u00a0<\/sup>: \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e (\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0631) \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629(\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629) . \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0632\u0643\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u061b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0641\u0646\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0639\u0634\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u00a0<sup>(4)<\/sup>\u00a0\u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062a\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 : \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u061b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 .\u00a0<sup>(6)<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u00a0<sup>(7)<\/sup>\u00a0\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628 &#8220;\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629&#8221;\u00a0<sup>(8)<\/sup>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u064a\u0637\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0632\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 1919 . \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u060c \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0646 . \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u0649 . \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 (1886-1953) \u0648\u0645\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629\u00a0<sup>(9)<\/sup>\u00a0\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062b \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 .\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(*)\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 58 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0636\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 34\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:51px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns4008_4e3d80-c1{gap:var(--global-kb-gap-xs, 0.5rem );justify-content:center;align-items:center;}.kt-btns4008_4e3d80-c1 .kt-button{font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;}.kt-btns4008_4e3d80-c1 .kt-btn-wrap-0{margin-right:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns4008_4e3d80-c1 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button{color:#555555;border-color:#555555;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns4008_4e3d80-c1 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns4008_4e3d80-c1 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{color:#ffffff;border-color:#444444;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns4008_4e3d80-c1 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button::before{display:none;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns4008_4e3d80-c1 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns4008_4e3d80-c1 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{background:#444444;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns4008_4e3d80-c1\"><style>ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn4008_5f2ff1-50.kb-button{width:initial;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn4008_5f2ff1-50.kb-button{background:#cf2e2e;}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn4008_5f2ff1-50 kt-btn-size-xlarge kt-btn-width-type-auto kb-btn-global-inherit kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-button__link wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0627-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646.pdf\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">\u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3803,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4008","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-43"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":4735,"url":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/?p=4735","url_meta":{"origin":4008,"position":0},"title":"\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629.. \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0639\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0646","author":"\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631","date":"12.04.2026","format":false,"excerpt":"\u062f. \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0623\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643. \u0642\u0644\u062a: \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627\u061f \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644","link":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/?cat=65"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/%D8%AF.-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/%D8%AF.-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/%D8%AF.-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/%D8%AF.-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/%D8%AF.-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3980,"url":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/?p=3980","url_meta":{"origin":4008,"position":1},"title":"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629","author":"\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646","date":"23.10.2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u00a0Philosophy In The Flesh\u00a0\u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645)\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f","link":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/?cat=55"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3871,"url":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/?p=3871","url_meta":{"origin":4008,"position":2},"title":"\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629\u00a0","author":"\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f","date":"08.09.2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c (\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f","link":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/?cat=55"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/%D8%A3%D8%AF.-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/%D8%A3%D8%AF.-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/%D8%A3%D8%AF.-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/%D8%A3%D8%AF.-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/%D8%A3%D8%AF.-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3248,"url":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/?p=3248","url_meta":{"origin":4008,"position":3},"title":"\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f","author":"\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a","date":"06.03.2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631: \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0643\u064a* \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062d\u0642 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u064a\u00a0Kathleen DeLaski\u00a0\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u0651\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u00a0ABC\u00a0\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0643\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629\u00a0Sallie Mai\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u062a\u00a0\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631Influential Education Design Lab..\u00a0\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629","link":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/?cat=62"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3601,"url":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/?p=3601","url_meta":{"origin":4008,"position":4},"title":"\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f","author":"\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a","date":"10.06.2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631: \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0643\u064a* \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062d\u0642 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u064a\u00a0Kathleen DeLaski\u00a0\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u0651\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u00a0ABC\u00a0\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0643\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629\u00a0Sallie Mai\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u062a\u00a0\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631Influential Education Design Lab..\u00a0\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629","link":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/?cat=62"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/2%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/2%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/2%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/2%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/2%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2440,"url":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/?p=2440","url_meta":{"origin":4008,"position":5},"title":"\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629:","author":"\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a","date":"24.02.2024","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0635\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0642* \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 (\u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642 Orientalism) \u0639\u0627\u0645 1978 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0646\u064f\u0651 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642","link":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/?cat=43"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-21.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-21.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-21.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-21.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fomlar.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-21.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pfnbMz-12E","jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4008","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3803"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4008"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4008\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4011,"href":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4008\/revisions\/4011"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4008"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4008"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fomlar.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4008"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}